Richard PSYCH 201 -Being unaware that you have driven

Question 11. Being unaware that you have driven a long distance while thinking about other events isan example ofREM sleepthe unconscious mindmyocloniadivided consciousness2 points Question 21. When psychologists talk about the “depersonalization” experience they are refering to:a feeling of self fulfillmenta feeling of being “unreal”a feeling of creativitynone of these2 points Question 31. Freud called the “hidden meaning” of a dream, its ________ content.surfacelatentmanifestconscious2 points Question 41. Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. Youlook to see if he woke up, but he is still asleep and appears not to be breathing. For amoment you wonder if he’s dead, but suddenly he snorts and resumes snoring. Grandpa isdisplayinginsomnia.somnambulism.narcolepsy.sleep apnea.2 points Question 51. How many hours per night does the average college student spend in a REM state?12462 points Question 61. In Freud’s theory of dreaming, the story you remember when you wake up is themanifest content.latent content.event sequence.surface structure.2 points Question 71. Studies show that there are negative results from lengthy periods of sleeping-dreamingdeprivationwhen REM sleep is interrupted.when a participant gets no more than two hours of sleep per night.when a participant gets no more than four hours of sleep every twenty-four hours.when non-REM dream sleep is interrupted.2 points Question 81. The cocktail party phenomenon demonstrates the importance ofhypnosis.psychotropic drugs.the schizophrenic mind.the unconscious mind.2 points Question 91. The perception that your mind has left your body is known asmesmerism.astral meditation.transcendental state.astral projection. 2 points Question 101. When our consciousness is a combination of normal waking and dreams, we call thisstate___________________.REMhypnagogiclatentdaydreaming2 points Question 111.Which of the following best characterizes a night’s sleep?We begin the night in light sleep and end in deep sleep.We pass from light sleep to dream sleep to deep sleep.Our depth of sleep alternates up and down several times.We alternate from the hypnagogic state to dream sleep about six times.1 points Question 121. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the hypnotic experience?hypnotic hallucinationshypnotic analgesiahypnotic controlhypnotic crime sprees1 points Question 131.Which of the following is true regarding the unconscious mind?It was the most important term included in early psychology texts.It is probably a mythIt processes information we ignore.It can easily be studied scientifically.1 points Question 141.”Any relatively permanent change in behavior” is a definition forexperience.memory.learning.response.1 points Question 151.A basic assumption underlying modeling is thatsome learning may occur without direct reinforcement.observational learning is not true learning.all learning occurs by imitation.all reinforcement occurs vicariously.1 points Question 16 1.A close synonym for negative reinforcer isrelief.punishment.grounding.affliction.1 points Question 171. A fleck of dust or dirt in your eye automatically causes the eye to produce tears to washthe dirt out. If it were part of a classical conditioning experiment, the fleck of dust or dirtbe labeled as the?unconditioned stimulus.unconditioned response.conditioned stimulus.conditioned response.1 points Question 181.A pigeon learned to peck a lighted disc for a few bits of grain. The bird does not peckwhen the light is off because no grain will be forthcoming. The light is called thegeneralized stimulus.conditioned stimulus.conditioned response.discriminative stimulus.1 points Question 19 1.A raccoon was taught to deposit tokens in a metal box in order to obtain food. However,the raccoon soon began to engage in a behavior akin to washing the tokens and was lesslikely to put the tokens in the metal box. What did the raccoon’s behavior reveal?superstitious behaviordisinhibition of learningvicarious punishmenta biological limit on learning1 points Question 201.A strategy of reinforcing successive approximations to a complex behavior is known asmodeling.shaping.interval training.aversive conditioning.1 points Question 211.According to research studies, what should happen if Scott observes Allison beingrewarded for picking-up toys?Picking-up toys will become a discriminate stimulus for Scott.Scott’s toy picking-up behavior will increase.Scott’s toy picking-up behavior will be extinguished.Scott will associate Allison with secondary reinforcers.1 points Question 22 1.Each time Mary Jo talked back to her mother her mother gave her a painful pinch on thearm. Now Mary Jo pinches people when they disagree with her. This demonstratescounterconditioning.a danger of punishment.external disinhibition.negative reinforcement.1 points Question 231.Fred asks his mom for a cookie, but the answer is no. He whines and cries, so his momgives him a cookie and he calms down. According to the principles of operantconditioning, what can be expected?Mom will be less likely to give cookies in the future.Fred will whine and cry more often in the future.Fred will cry whenever he is hungry.Fred will enjoy his cookie less than if he had received it after the first request.1 points Question 241. How does extinction occur in classical conditioning?The CS is presented without the UCS.The CR is presented without the UCRThe emitted response is negatively reinforced.The emitted response is punished.1 points Question 251.If your beagle lies down when you say “Dead!” and you discover that he will do the same trick when you say the words red, head, or bed, what has taken place?stimulus discriminationresponse discriminationstimulus generalizationvicarious generalization1 points Question 261.In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus isa(n)unconditioned stimulus.conditioned stimulus.unconditioned response.conditioned response.1 points Question 271.In the study by Ayllon, the delusional statements made by schizophrenic patientsappeared to be learned throughpositivereinforcement.classical conditioning.vicarious punishment.biologicalpreparedness.1 points Question 28 1.Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over. Each time her dog rolled overshe immediately said “good dog.” However, the dog did not learn to roll over oncommand. Which of the following may best explain why?Jill used inconsistent reinforcement.The CS did not match the CR.Jill should have delayed the reinforcement.Saying “good dog” was not reinforcing to her dog.1 points Question 291.Ken was trying to condition a mute child to use some vocalizations. Each time the childuttered a sound he was given a chocolate drop. The child’s utterances did not increaseuntil Ken started using pretzels instead of chocolate drops. This illustrates the importanceofdelivering consistent reinforcement.determining whether a reinforcer is really reinforcing.correctly timing the delivery of reinforcement….ing an unconditioned stimulus instead of a CS.1 points Question 30 1.Martin Seligman has suggested and found support for his theory that ________ developsthrough learned helplessness.depressiona phobiaschizophreniasuperstitious behavior1 points Question 311.Otto the dachshund comes running to the kitchen and salivates when his master rattles hisfood box. In this situation, the rattling sound is theunconditioned stimulus.unconditioned response.conditioned stimulus.conditioned response.1 points Question 321.Reinforcing stimuli that accidentally follow a response but seem to the individual to bethe natural consequences of that response lead to _______ reinforcement.accidentallatentsuperstitiousinferred1 points Question 33 1.The fact that it is easier to condition a fear of things that have some intrinsic associationwith danger suggests that people are _______ prepared to learn certain kinds of fear.psychologicallybiologicallyintuitivelylatently1 points Question 341.What technique has been used to reverse classically conditioned responses?avoidance conditioningcounterconditioningshapingdisinhibition1 points Question 351. According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, if I participate in a racist demonstration,I will probably feel some guilt.my attitudes may become less racist.my attitudes will probably become more racist.my attitudes will not change as much as my opinions.1 points Question 361.Attitudes are often subject to change if the communicator delivers a non-emotional message….es cognitive dissonance.is targeting older people.is credible.1 points Question 371.Conformity is best described asdoing what someone in authority tells you to do.yielding to group pressure when you were not required to do so.behaving according to the group norm because of direct pressure.changing behavior out of fear.1 points Question 381. Everything else being equal, if you had to deliver a persuasive speech that you hopedwould change attitudes, you would want listeners whoare less intelligent.have a high need for social approval.have low self-esteem.are all of these.1 points Question 391.If Elena is unpleasant to John and he thinks it must be because she is under pressure fromher job and classes, what process has John used? cognitive integrationrational externalizationego externalizationattribution1 points Question 401.If ten people say that a color is blue when it actually is not, what is the eleventh personlikely to do?identify the color correctlysay that the group is wrongsay that the color is blueshow signs of reactance1 points Question 411.In attribution, people display a tendency to see their own behavior as externally causedand the behavior of others as internally caused. This tendency is known as thefundamental attribution error.halo effect.diffusion of responsibility.reduction of dissonance.1 points Question 421. In Milgram’s original study, subjects were ordered to continue giving increasingly painfulshocks to a protesting victim. What percentage of subjects went all the way to the”XXX,” 450-volt level?2 percent5 percent 25 percent65 percent1 points Question 431.Milgram’s studies demonstrated that people do what they are told whenthey are under the grip of polarization.they are unsure of themselves.asked by an authority figure.in stressful situations.1 points Question 441.People working in groups will often exert less effort than if they worked alone. Thistendency is known associal inhibition.social loafing.social dissonance.personal inconsistency.1 points Question 451.Social facilitation refers to which of the following?Well-learned behavior is performed better in the presence of other people.Any behavior is performed better when an audience is present.The presence of significant others lowers anxiety for performance. Audience expectations change performance.1 points Question 461.The theory of cognitive dissonance holds that inconsistencies between attitudes andbehavior are uncomfortable,causing people to engage in groupthink.but attitude change does not reduce dissonance.and people will therefore change their attitudes to reduce this discomfort.and so people engage in attribution to reduce the discomfort.1 points Question 471. Under what condition is obedience reduced?when individuals feel greater personal responsibilitywhen the individual is a blue collar workerwhen the goals of the authority figure are not obviouswhen the individual is alone with an authority figure1 points Question 481.When others in the group all agree on the same answer, a person is most likely topolarize.dissent.conform.disagree. 1 points Question 491.Which is one of the least important factors in the persuasiveness of the speaker?logiccredibilityattractivenessintent1 points Question 501.Why do trick-or-treaters vandalize when in a group but not usually when alone?socially induced aggressionsocial mood controldeindividuationsocial responsib